pulex biomass against the most common pathogenic microbes that could infect either the fed-fish or humans as the end-consumer. Therefore, it is important to explore the effect of D. Gammarus is used as a cheap alternative substrate for animal protein in the diet of highest value fish 21.

It contains high levels of protein, fats, and amino acids 19, thus Gammarus meal enhances the feed intake, immune response, stress resistance, and growth performance in fish 20. pulex has a central role in organic matter degradation 15, 16, and risk assessment 17, besides its contribution to the food net 18.

pulex is widespread worldwide 11 and one of the most common freshwater macroinvertebrates. Recently, it was used for feeding fish fry in aquaculture as it has a high nutritional composition that varies according to the culture medium and viability degree of phytoplankton 2, 11, 12, 13, 14. magna is a micro-crustacean zooplankton widespread in freshwater bodies. Many studies mentioned the importance of using Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) and Gammarus pulex (Linnaeus, 1758) as an alternative substance for protein in the fish diet at different fish farms 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. The current applied studies on zooplankton communities mainly focused on their composition as a rich source of pigments, vitamins, essential fatty acids, proteins, carbohydrates, and biologically active primary and secondary metabolites 5. Recently, plankton biotechnology has gained extensive significance, because of its rich constituents involved in active primary and secondary metabolites 4. Zooplankton are used as an environmental indicator for water quality, pollution, and the eutrophication situation 3. In addition, zooplankton contributes to the aquatic food chain as an intermediator, feeding upon bacteria, fungi, and algae, while turning fed by numerous invertebrates, birds, and fishes 2. Zooplankton plays a critical role in aquaculture, influencing survival of livestock under harsh environmental conditions and growth depending on various conditions 1. pulex are promising and effective agents for their use in the medical field against some pathogenic microbes and as stimulators of plant growth.

Furthermore, both animals showed positive activity in the germination rate of Vicia faba seed, reaching 83.0 ± 3.5 and 86.0 ± 3.8%, respectively. pulex against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against Alternaria solani and Penicillium expansum, which gives the possibility to be used as biocontrol against these bacteria and plant pathogenic fungi. The results showed significant antibacterial activity of D. In this study, biomasses of water flea Daphnia magna and Gammarus pulex collected and tested, for the first time, their effect against pathogenic microorganisms and on plant germination. In addition, the drainage water of the fish cultures could be used in plant irrigation. Various studies have shown the importance of using different types of Zooplankton biomasses as an additional substance in the diet of fish.

Udk free download